The hard-bought election in Afghanistan was a reality check for the United
States and its allies, compelling them to look again at their promise of
building a modern state in that country. After overthrowing the Taliban,
Afghan exiles and their foreign backers assumed that they would put the
aberration of the past thirty years behind them and resume the natural
ascent towards democracy and development. Building a state was the key. The
rule of law and institutions would replace the disorder of the past;
reconstruction and prosperity would supplant the underground economy that
had flourished during the years of war and misrule. Eight years on, it’s not
happening. Concern over the military resurgence of the Taliban has obscured
a bigger failure: Afghanistan is not sticking to the reconstruction script.